Everyone experiences anger at some time or another. Being angry in certain situations is not only completely natural but also necessary. When we feel threatened, our instinctual "fight-or-flight" response kicks in, whether it's our pride, heart, or physical well-being on the line. Anger helps us recognize fear, frustration or peril, and sends our body a clear message to take action and deal with the issue. Most of us feel uncomfortable with the intense emotion of anger, whether we're the ones fuming or on the receiving end. Despite its nasty reputation however, anger is not a bad emotion in and of itself. It is our individual reaction to anger that determines how helpful or harmful it can be.
Anger is a product of our perception of an event, not the event itself. For example, if you perceive that someone's comment was purposefully hurtful, this will most likely incite a response in you, whether it's sadness, anger, etc. In reality however, the event (the comment) may not have been intended to hurt you - it is only your perception that it was. Anger is separate from the reaction it prompts. Although we may feel angry, how we react to it is a completely different matter. For example, a common misconception is that anger goes hand in hand with aggression, but the fact is that the two work on very different levels: anger is a feeling, aggression is a behavior. A person can be very angry without becoming aggressive.
Views on anger have changed many times over the years. In earlier eras, it was viewed as a sin or form of madness. During the rise of Darwinian and Freudian theories, a "ventilationist" approach was taken, describing the expression of anger as a healthy release. Thanks to new research and a better understanding of anger and how to deal with it, we can learn to identify our own personal style of coping and work on developing a more productive approach.
Sample's results indicate that his response in anger-inducing situations doesn't fit the circumstances. That is, in situations where most people would respond angrily, he chooses to keep his cool, and in circumstances where most people would likely be calm and civil, his reaction is intense and even excessive. Overall, his response is quite disproportionate.
On a positive note, Sample is willing to "bury the hatchet" once issues are resolved. He faces conflicts head on, but won't keep re-hashing them.
| Extreme Situations | Moderate Situations | Benign Situations |
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| Situations with Long-term Consequences | Situations with Short-term Consequences |
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Sublimaters convert their anger, much as Displacers do, but with a healthy twist. People with this type will often channel their anger through a positive outlet, using their excess energy to do something constructive. They attempt to turn "lemons into lemonade".
Important points to note about this type:

Deniers will do their best to control both their internal response and outward behavior when dealing with anger. They will consciously calm themselves when they begin to feel angry or frustrated, and generally have a great deal of self-control. In order to deal with their anger, Deniers will change the way they think about the incident or put a new spin on it if necessary. People with this type can change their outlook so thoroughly that they completely overlook relevant facts, often denying or choosing to overlook the reality of the situation.
When dealing with frustrating or anger-inducing situations, Deniers may adopt an extremely optimistic attitude. This can be a healthy approach if having a positive attitude is warranted. For example, in benign situations or those with short-term consequences, a positive outlook is rather helpful, allowing the individual to overlook issues that are of minute importance. In high-charge situations or those with serious long-term consequences however, an optimistic attitude may not prove constructive. Excessive or unrealistic optimism can set the Denier up for some heartbreaking disappointment. Deniers may also use distraction as a means of dealing with anger, focusing on something other than the anger-inducing situation. This too has its advantages and disadvantages, depending on the gravity of the situation.
Important points to note about this type:

Transcenders refuse to make a big deal of things; they simply do not get worked up over issues of minor and even major importance.
In low-charge situations, a transcendent approach can be very healthy. By relinquishing attachment to the little things and putting conflict into perspective, a lot of arguments can be prevented. For example, why blow up at your partner for forgetting to take out the garbage? If you have no attachment or personal interest vested in the garbage, you can simply let it go. However, when it comes to emotionally complex relationships and profound issues, a transcendent approach might not prove beneficial. If, for example, you can't relate to another person's feelings of anger about something you consider insignificant, they may feel as though you don't care. Conflicts and issues must be dealt with at one point or another.
Important points to note about this type are:

Displacers are people who deal with anger by converting it into something else which, unfortunately, may not be very productive. People with this type tend to suppress or re-direct their anger through harmful channels, often leaving outsiders surprised, hurt, confused, frustrated or feeling angry themselves.
Displacers may use one or many of the following displacement tactics:

This type of anger manager, as indicated by the name, is the healthiest option in all situations. Healthy Expressers address their feelings of anger by dealing with the root of the problem. They recognize when and why they feel angry and then set out to change or deal with the situation in the best way possible. Healthy Expressers will try to identify what they need to do or discover in order to reduce their feelings of anger.
Central to healthy expression is the ability to assert one's own needs without hurting anyone else in the process. Healthy expression is a high standard and though most people try to reach it, it can prove to be quite an elusive goal.
A person should not be upset if he or she was not a Healthy Expresser in every situation on this test. The Healthy Expresser type is something to strive for whenever a person is faced with situations that stir up feelings of anger.
Important points to note about this type:

When angry, Attackers will often respond with physical violence against others. These individuals are aggressive, hostile and intimidating, and may even take out their anger on people who aren't even associated with the anger-inducing situation. Attackers lash out at others in an attempt to harm or cause pain. For some Attackers, their behavior is a form of catharsis; a method to release the energy that is created by their anger.
Important points to note about this type:

Stormy Expressers tend to deal with their rage vocally. In anger-inducing situations, it is not uncommon to find them yelling and screaming their displeasure. When consumed with feelings of anger, people with this type will not hold back; they'll let it all out. For Stormy Expressers, it's a form of catharsis - an attempt to get rid of their anger by means of a verbal assault (insults, sarcasm, etc.). Although they may be able to identify the root of their anger, unlike Healthy Expressers, they do not assert their needs in a manner that resolves the problem effectively and unfortunately, will often end up hurting other people's feelings.
Stormy Expression is almost always an ineffective method for dealing with anger in most situations. Venting may feel good, but it tends to have a lot of negative consequences. Little is accomplished when voices are raised, as a verbal assault will either result in defensiveness on the part of the listener, or an all-out screaming match.
Important points to note about this type:

Damagers will often express their anger by destroying objects around them. They seem to want to cause harm but generally have enough self-control not to unleash their anger on people (unless their type is a combination Damager-Attacker). For those with this type, it's not as simple a matter as beating on a punching bag - Damagers want to cause harm to property - and not necessarily the possessions of those who have angered them. They aren't just letting off steam; they actually feel better (or think they will) if they see something scratched, busted, bent, or completely destroyed.
Important points to note about this type: