BMHE - R (MDD, BPD, GAD, PTSD - Revised)

BMHE - R (MDD, BPD, GAD, PTSD - Revised) - Sample Report

Report for: Deb3
Completed on: September 11, 2015 at 8:06 am

introduction

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details

diagnoses

advice

This screening tool evaluates whether this patient shows symptoms of certain mental disorders. For the most part, the criteria used to determine whether s/he might be diagnosed with a disorder are taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which is the standard text used by mental health professionals. It is highly advisable that this patient seek professional help for diagnoses highlighted in these results, or any areas where s/he is symptomatic. Please note that this screening does not cover all disorders. Only the following conditions are assessed: Major Depressive Disorder, Manic Episodes, Bipolar Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

It is important to remember, however, that this test only assesses whether a person show signs of the most common mental disorders. If this patient is experiencing problems in his/her life that are not covered in this test, seeking help could assist him/her in overcoming these issues. Disorders that mainly affect children and adolescents are not included in the assessment, nor are the symptoms specific to children or adolescents reported in the results.

The information that we provide is only intended for informational purposes - this test is not intended as a definitive diagnostic tool. Review the Results section for areas of concern detected by the screening.

Reference:

American Psychiatric Association. (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

BMHE - R (MDD, BPD, GAD, PTSD - Revised) - Sample Report

Report for: Deb3
Completed on: September 11, 2015 at 8:06 am

introduction

graphs

details

diagnoses

advice

Major Depressive Disorder (score 56)

This patient responded in a way that indicates moderate depressive symptoms. S/he does not meet the criteria for a positive diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, but the symptoms s/he is experiencing may have already started to cause difficulties in his/her life. This patient needs to discuss this issue with a health professional so that it does not progress further.

Manic Episodes (score 33)

This patient is not having any major difficulties with mania, although s/he did display a few symptoms. It would be a good idea to keep an eye on the symptoms that s/he is experiencing in case they become more serious and debilitating.

Bipolar Disorder (score 0)

This patient does not appear to have any symptoms of bipolar disorder. This does not exclude him/her from depression or mania, but s/he shows no signs of the mood shifts that this disorder entails.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (score 44)

This patient is dealing with some difficulties related to a trauma s/he experienced. This event has had a negative impact on him/her, and while s/he does not qualify for a full PTSD diagnosis, it is clear that the experience has made an impact on him/her. Talking to a professional to help him/her deal with his/her experience is recommended.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (score 52)

This patient is experiencing some issues with excessive anxiety and worry. Sometimes, stressors are difficult for him/her to deal with; s/he is not always at his/her best when there are difficulties in his/her life, and there are times when s/he struggles to cope. While this may not be causing any major problems in his/her life, s/he should still consider getting advice on improving his/her coping skills.

BMHE - R (MDD, BPD, GAD, PTSD - Revised) - Sample Report

Report for: Deb3
Completed on: September 11, 2015 at 8:06 am

introduction

graphs

details

diagnoses

advice

Tentative Diagnoses

This section shows likely diagnoses and/or sub-clinical disorders. These are tentative diagnoses and need to be verified by a mental health professional. Symptoms that are problematic will be depicted in different colors, depending on their severity. Please refer to the legend provided for more information.

Legend

Severe symptom

Moderate symptom

Mild symptom

Symptom not present

Likely Diagnoses

This patient had symptoms in several categories of disorders covered in this test. This suggests that s/he should probably consult with a mental health professional for further testing or treatment, especially if s/he is distressed about the symptoms s/he is experiencing. There is most certainly a treatment out there that will help improve the symptoms s/he is experiencing.

The following are the areas of concern detected by the screening:

Major Depressive Disorder (score 56)

This patient's symptoms point to a Major Depressive Disorder. This means that s/he likely feels unhappy, sad or empty most of the time and these feelings cannot be explained by a recent loss or by a medical condition. There are different types of depression, so a professional opinion would be helpful in determining whether s/he is suffering from Major Depression or another type of mood disorder, such as Dysthymia, Seasonal Affective Disorder, or others.

There are many treatments available for depression - many different medications, along with various forms of psychotherapy. One method that many people find particularly helpful is Cognitive Therapy, during which a person can learn methods to address the depressive thoughts and negative self-talk that are common in this disorder.

Major Depressive Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

A. 5 or more of the following in the same 2-week period, with at least one of the symptoms being 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure.
1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, or hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful).
2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities, most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated either by subjective account or observation).
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g. a change of more than 5% body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.
4. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).
5. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
6. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick).
7. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others).
8. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
B. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (score 44)

This patient shows strong signs of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This disorder, which can occur after a traumatic experience, involves intense feelings of anxiety and even flashbacks of the experience.

This patient experienced a traumatic event in his/her life, and is obviously suffering. A mental health professional can help guide him/her in the healing process and can help him/her learn to live with the memories of this difficult experience. The treatments for PTSD include Exposure Therapy, which slowly builds up from mildly frightening situations to more frightening ones, as well as relaxation techniques for handling anxiety and group therapy, among others.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnostic Criteria:

A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways:
1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).
2. Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others.
3. Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental.
4. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s) (e.g., first responders collecting human remains; police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse).
B. Presence of one (or more) of the following intrusion symptoms associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred:
1. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s).
2. Recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the traumatic event(s).
3. Dissociative reactions (e.g., flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic event(s) were recurring. (Such reactions may occur on a continuum, with the most extreme expression being a complete loss of awareness of present surroundings.)
4. Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s).
5. Marked psychological reactions to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s).
C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by one or both of the following:
1. Avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
2. Avoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
D. Negative altercations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:
1. Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s) (typically due to dissociative amnesia and not to other factors such as head injury, alcohol, or drugs).
2. Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, or the world (e.g., "I am bad," "No one can be trusted," "The world is completely dangerous," "My whole nervous system is permanently ruined").
3. Persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the traumatic event(s) that lead the individual to blame himself/herself or others.
4. Persistent negative emotion state (e.g., fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame).
5. Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities.
6. Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
7. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions (e.g., inability to experience happiness, satisfaction, or loving feelings).
E. Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidence by two (or more) of the following:
1. Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation) typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects.
2. Reckless or self-destructive behavior.
3. Hypervigilance.
4. Exaggerated startle response.
5. Problems with concentration.
6. Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep or restless sleep).
7. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (score 52)

This patient's answers indicate that s/he shows signs of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. S/he is likely on edge most of the time, with no obvious precipitating event. This is a very common disorder and there are many effective treatments available. Seeking help would make his/her life a lot easier.

Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder include anti-anxiety medications, relaxation therapy, and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Diagnostic Criteria:

A. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) occurring more days than not for at least 6 months about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance).
B. The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.
C. The anxiety and worry are associated with three of more of the following (with at least one symptom having been present for more days than not for the past 6 months).
1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
2. Being easily fatigued
3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
4. Irritability
5. Muscle tension
6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep)
D. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Symptoms Detected

This patient shows some symptoms of the mental health disorder(s) below. Even if s/he is only symptomatic, s/he can still benefit from seeking the advice of a therapist as a manner of prevention, or if s/he feels that these symptoms interfere with his/her life in some manner.

Manic Episodes (score 33)

This patient appears to have experienced a manic episode. This means that s/he has had times when s/he felt an extreme and unusual emotional "high."

If this patient feels that his/her symptoms are a problem for him/her, speaking with a professional is his/her first step towards obtaining help. The most effective treatment for Bipolar Disorder appears to be pharmaceutical drugs, in particular lithium, anticonvulsant mood stabilizers, and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Cognitive Therapy might also be useful for Bipolar patients, mostly to assist in understanding the illness, dealing with its consequences, preventing relapse (monitoring symptoms and adjusting medications before a full-blown relapse occurs), and ensuring adherence to the drug regime.

Manic Episodes Diagnostic Criteria

A) A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary).
B) During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three (or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behavior:
1. inflated self esteem or grandiosity
2. decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep)
3. talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
4. flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
5. distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli
6. increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation (i.e. purposeless non-goal-directed activity).
7. excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments)
C) The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features.

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