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Analytical reasoning skills are essential for police officers, lawyers, engineers, and chemists, among other jobs.
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The analytical reasoning process can be used to solve many types of problems in almost any discipline. It involves trying to understand, explain or make sense out of a problem. The process entails identifying the important information, taking a rational, logical or systematic approach to problem-solving, and utilizing various skills in order to come up with either the correct response, or a reasonable solution if there is more than one correct response. There are many different definitions of analytical reasoning - the above definition is what is measured by this assessment.
A person who possesses great analytical reasoning skills is able to manage a variety of situations across different domains by looking at the root of a problem and taking a systematic and organized approach to solving it. It's clear, therefore, that a person with these skills would be an asset in many domains.
The analytical reasoning process typically has four main steps:
Appraisal: Identifying the problem. What is the bottom-line question that needs to be answered or issue that needs to be solved? While in some cases the question or problem may be stated by a manager or employer, in others, the facts must be analyzed to identify what needs to be done. One may be presented with a problematic situation and have to determine what needs to be done without any real guidance.
Considering: Identifying the pertinent facts and rejecting useless or confusing information. Again, in the real world one must weed through all the available information in order to figure out what should be retained or considered in order to figure out the problem. All the necessary information won't always be provided, or a massive amount of info might need to be considered in order to determine what is important.
Processing information: Considering the best way to solve the problem. This involves looking at the different ways to deal with a situation or solve a problem, and deciding the most logical one to go with. For example, it may be best to draw a diagram or it may be necessary to create a formula. A problem might be best solved by mental calculations or manipulation of an object in one's mind. Every scenario is different and may require a different set of skills to solve.
Solution selection: Identifying potential solutions/responses and deciding on the best one (either the correct one, if there is only one answer, or coming up with a reasonable solution).
The first three steps of this process will all have scores on this test to identify how well John performed on each step.
Tools for analytical reasoning: The following scales are tools for analytical reasoning, which means that they are complementary to the four-step process above. Without these skills and abilities, finding the right answer through analytic reasoning would be next to impossible.
Logic: Applying a systematic process of reasoning to the information provided. This scale consists of the following types of questions:
a. Common Sense: Looking at a problem and using common sense to solve the problem.
b. Syllogisms: Deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is derived from two premises.
c. Symbolic Logic: Any logical system that abstracts the form of statements away from their content in order to establish abstract criteria of consistency and validity.
Math/Quantitative Reasoning: Using mathematical processes to come up with answers to problems. This scale consists of the following types of questions, which mainly stick to basic mathematical principles learned in school.
a. Addition and subtraction
b. Multiplication and division
c. Algebra
d. Geometry
Pattern Recognition: The ability to recognize relationships between pictures, numbers or words.
Reading Comprehension: The ability to read through a text and pick up on the important information, as well as understand and digest the content. Without reading comprehension, solving certain types of problems would be impossible.
Creative Thinking/Problem-solving: Assesses whether the test-taker is able to think of creative solutions to problems OR is able to think creatively to overcome restraints. By necessity, these questions had to be self-report type questions, as it is difficult to assess creativity in an objective manner.
Social Skills/Communication Skills: The ability to handle complex social situations and to come up with solutions to problems based on the most socially-appropriate and sensitive response.
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